PAVE Training Module 2

Section outline

• Digital Technology and Extremist Use

  • Aaron Smith and Joanna Brenner, 2012.  “Twitter Use 2012,” Pew Internet & American Life Project., www.pewinternet.org/Reports/2012/ Twitter-Use-2012.aspx.

  • American Defamation League. 2022. ‘Propaganda, Extremism and Online Recruitment Tactics.’ 2016. https://www.adl.org/education/resources/tools-and-strategies/table-talk/propaganda-extremism-online-recruitment

  • Behr Von, I., Reding, A. Edwards, E., Gribbon, L. (2013). radicalization in the digital era The use of the internet in 15 cases of terrorism and extremism. RAND Corporation. https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RR400/RR453/RAND_RR453.pdf 

  • Dino, Daniel. (2019). E-Recruits: How Gaming is Helping Terrorist Groups Radicalize and Recruit a Generation of Online Gamers.  Centric. https://www.concentric.io/blog/e-recruits-how-gaming-is-helping-terrorist-groups-radicalize-and-recruit-a-generation-of-online-gamers

  • Examining Social Media Companies’ Efforts to Counter On-Line Terror Content and Misinformation. (2019). Hearing Before the Committee on Homeland Security, U.S. House of Representatives. June 26, 2019. https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CHRG-116hhrg38783/html/CHRG-116hhrg38783.htm

  • Farinelli, F. (2021). Conspiracy Theories and Right-Wing Extremism -  Insights and Recommendations for P/CVE. RAN Network. https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2021-04/ran_conspiracy_theories_and_right-wing_2021_en.pdf

  • Ferguson, Katelyn. 15 March 2021. “The Role of Video Games and Online Platforms in Terrorist Radicalization and Recruitment.” Counter Terrorism Group. https://www.counterterrorismgroup.com/post/the-role-of-video-games-and-online-platforms-in-terrorist-radicalization-and-recruitment 

  • Hoyle, C. Bradford, A and Frenett, R. (2015). Becoming Mulan?: Female Western Migrants to ISIS. Institute for Strategic Dialogue. http:// isdglobal.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/ISDJ2969_Becoming_Mulan_01.15 _WEB.pdf

  • Jakupi, R. and Kelmendi, V. (March 2019.) Countering the Myths of IS. Kosovar Centre for Security Studies. https://qkss.org/en/publikimet/thyerja-e-miteve-te-isis-it-si-te-kunderveprohet-ndaj-narratives-se-isis-it-ne-internet-rasti-i-shteteve-shqip-folese/ 

  • Kavanagh, C. (February 2021). Digital Technologies and Civil Conflicts. European Union Institute for Security Studies. https://www.iss.europa.eu/sites/default/files/EUISSFiles/Brief_4_2021_0.pdf

  • Kuloglija, N. (3 December 2021). Far-Right Exploiting Pandemic to Spread Hate, in the Balkans Too. Balkan Insight. https://balkaninsight.com/2021/12/03/far-right-exploiting-pandemic-to-spread-hate-in-the-balkans-too/

  • Liang, C. and Cross, J. (July 2020). ‘White Crusade: How to Prevent Right-Wing Extremists from Exploiting the Internet.’ Geneva Centre for Security Policy. https://dam.gcsp.ch/files/doc/white-crusade-how-to-prevent-right-wing-extremists-from-exploiting-the-internet.

  • Meleagrou-Hitchens, A. (2011). As American as Apple Pie: How Anwar al-Awalki Became the Face of Western Jihad.  The International Centre for the Study of Radicalization and Political Violence.
    

  • Meleagrou-Hitchens, A. (2011). As American as Apple Pie: How Anwar al-Awalki Became the Face of Western Jihad.  The International Centre for the Study of Radicalization and Political Violence. https://icsr.info/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/ICSR-Report-As-American-As-Apple-Pie-How-Anwar-al-Awlaki-Became-the-Face-of-Western-Jihad.pdf  

  • Mercy Corps. (December 2019).  Weaponization of Social Media. https://www.mercycorps.org/research-resources/weaponization-social-media 

  • Providing European cities with tools to prevent radicalization. European Commission. https://cordis.europa.eu/article/id/422621-providing-european-cities-with-tools-to-prevent-radicalization 

  • Schmind, A. (July 2021). Handbook of Terrorism Prevention and Preparedness. International Centre for Counter Terrorism. https://icct.nl/app/uploads/2021/10/V10.4-Handbook-ONLINE.pdf 
    

  • Sonnemaker, T. (2020). Facebook reportedly had evidence that its algorithms were dividing people, but top executives killed or weakened proposed solutions.  Business Insider. https://www.businessinsider.com/facebook-knew-algorithms-divided-users-execs-killed-fixes-report-2020-5 

  • Twitter Public Policy, (2018). Expanding and building Twitter Transparency. https://blog.twitter.com/en us/topics/company/2018/twittertransparency-report-12.html

  • United Nations Office on Counter-Terrorism. ‘Algorithims and Terrorism: Malicious Use of Artificial Intelligence for Terrorist Purposes.’ (2021).  https://www.un.org/counterterrorism/sites/www.un.org.counterterrorism/files/malicious-use-of-ai-uncct-unicri-report-hd.pdf 

  • Von Behr, I. (2013) Radicalization in the digital era. The use of the internet in 15 cases of terrorism and extremism. RAND Europe. https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RR400/RR453/RAND_RR453.pdf

  • Weimann, G. (March 2004). How Modern Terrorism uses the Internet. United States Institute of Peace. https://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/sr116.pdf 

  • Weimann, G. “Terror on Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube,” Brown Journal of World Affairs 16, no. 2 (2010): 45–54.

  • Westerlund, M. (2019). The Emergence of Deepfake Technology: A Review, Technology Innovation Management Review, V. 9/11.  

  • Wojcicki, S, 2017. Expanding our work against abuse of our platform, YouTube Official Blog, 4 December. Available at https://youtube.googleblog.com/2017/12/expanding-our-work-against-abuse-of-our.htm 

  • YouTube User Statistics, 2022. Global Media Insights. 28 June 2022. https://www.globalmediainsight.com/blog/youtube-users-statistics/

  Fake News and Hate Speech 

  • Get Bad News Game. https://www.getbadnews.com/en/intro 

  • Hate Speech and the Impact on Peace and Security. Global Network of Women’s Peacebuilders. https://gnwp.org/resources/covid-19-wps-database/increase-in-hate-speech-stigma-discrimination-or-xenophobia-2/ 

  • Learn to Discern Media Literacy Training. IREX. https://www.irex.org/project/learn-discern-l2d-media-literacy-training 

  • Mapping Fake News and Disinformation in the Western Balkans and Identifying Ways to Effectively Counter Them. (February 2021). European Union Parliament https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2020/653621/EXPO_STU(2020)653621_EN.pdf 

  • Share Monitoring (2022). Balkan Investigative Reporting Network. https://monitoring.bird.tools/ 

  PAVE Project Research

  • Ayed, F. Azzam, L and Zouheir, B. (2022). Online and Offline (De)radicalization in the Balkans and MENA Region Synthesis Report. PAVE Project Publications. https://www.pave-project.eu/publications/PAVE_870769_D5.3_publication_layout.pdf 

  • Ilazi,R. and Orana, A. (2022). Preventing and Addressing Violent Extremism: A Conceptual Framework. PAVE Project Publications. https://www.pave-project.eu/publications/PAVE_870769_Preventing_and_Adressing_Violent_Extremism_A_Conceptual_Framework.pdf 

  • Ilazi,R. and Orana, A. (2022) Working paper on online and offline (de)radicalization in the Balkans. PAVE Project Publications. https://www.pave-project.eu/publications/PAVE%20D5.1%20Online%20and%20Offline%20(De)radicalization%20in%20the%20Balkans.pdf 

  Youth and Gender

  • Alva, S. (2017). Youth and violent extremism on social media: mapping the research. UNESCO. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000260382 

  •  Beutel, A. (1 June 2016). From WWI to ISIS, Using Shame and Masculinity in Recruitment Narratives. National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism. https://www.start.umd.edu/news/wwi-isis-using-shame-and-masculinity-recruitment-narratives 

  • Dickson,C. (14 March 2011). Al Qaeda’s New Women Magazine. The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2011/03/al-qaedas-new-womens-magazine/348799

  • Handbook on Children Recruited and Exploited by Terrorist and Violent Extremist Groups: The Role of the Justice System. (2017). United Nations Office on Drug and Crime. https://www.unodc.org/documents/justice-and-prison-reform/Child-Victims/Handbook_on_Children_Recruited_and_Exploited_by_Terrorist_and_Violent_Extremist_Groups_the_Role_of_the_Justice_System.E.pdf

  • Karic, S. and Ristic, M. (11 May 2022). How Online Violence Against Women Goes Unpunished. Balkans Insight. https://balkaninsight.com/2022/05/11/how-online-violence-against-women-goes-unpunished/

  • Keeping Safe: How to Spot and Prevent Online Grooming and Radicalization. British Council. 2022. https://www.britishcouncil.org/anyone-anywhere/explore/dark-side-web/online-grooming-radicalization

  • Meleagrou-Hitchens, A. (2012). Lights, Camera, Jihad: Al-Shabaab’s Western Media Strategy. International Center for the Study of Radicalization and Political Violence. https://icsr.info/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/ICSR-Lights-Camera-Jihad-Report_Nov2012_ForWeb-2.pdf 

  • Radicalization and counter- radicalization: A gender perspective. (January 2018). European Parliament. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/EPRS/EPRS-Briefing-581955-radicalization-gender-perspective-rev-FINAL.pdf 

  • Understanding the Role of Gender in Preventing and Countering Violent Extremism and Radicalization That Lead to Terrorism. (May 2019). Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/0/b/420563_1.pdf 

  • Youth as a Target for Extremist Recruitment. (2021).  Save the Children Finland. https://pelastakaalapset.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/main/2022/02/17133213/youth-as-a-target-for-extremist-recruitment_stc_en.pdf 

What About Policymakers? How do They Support Radicalization and Resilience Factors?

Jump to... Main learning site Session 1: Objectives and Expected Results How Does the Internet Support and Create Opportunities for Extremist Narratives and Radicalization? Digital Recruitment in Today's Society What Tactics Do Violent Extremists Use to Radicalize Individuals? Who Do Violent Extremists Target in Radicalization and Recruitment Online? How and Why Do Youth Become Key Targets for Radicalization and Recruitment? Gendered Lens: How and Why Do Women Become Key Targets for Radicalization and Recruitment? How Does Religion Influence Online Recruitment and Radicalization? What About Policymakers? How do They Support Radicalization and Resilience Factors? Session 2: Objectives and Expected Results What Could An Extremist Narrative Look Like? How Can We Address Online Radicalization and Recruitment? What is Counter or Alternative Messaging and How Can it Be Used to Prevent Radicalization? Building a Strategic Campaign Guidelines for Creating an Effective Campaign Mapping Your Target Audience How is Our Target Audience Currently Interacting with Extremist Content? How to Craft Your Counter or Alternative Message Tactics to Disseminate Your Campaign Messages Your Counter or Alternative Narrative Campaign is Launched - Now What? Evaluating Your Counter or Alternative Narrative Campaign Now It’s Your Turn to Make a Counter Narrative Campaign! Additional Resources for Session 2 Session 3: Objectives and Expected Results Being Safe When Using Online Spaces Safety Through An Inclusive Lens What if Someone I know is Talking to an Unsafe Person? Key Considerations for Building Multi-Stakeholder Collaboration and Trust to Prevent Online Radicalization and Recruitment Additional Resources for Session 3 Print Your Course Certificate

Session 2: Objectives and Expected Results